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DON’T GET TRAPPED IN THE COVERAGE GAP: ADDITIONAL INSUREDS UNDER COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY POLICIES – RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

nat rosasco • November 13, 2012

As the former owner of a contracting business I am all too familiar with the need to be named as an “additional insured” on a subcontractor’s certificate of insurance.  Most business owners and risk managers though don’t fully understand the nuances of this often overlooked but vitally important part of their overall insurance coverage.  For […] The post DON’T GET TRAPPED IN THE COVERAGE GAP: ADDITIONAL INSUREDS UNDER COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY POLICIES – RECENT DEVELOPMENTS appeared first on GGHH Law.

As the former owner of a contracting business I am all too familiar with the need to be named as an “additional insured” on a subcontractor’s certificate of insurance.  Most business owners and risk managers though don’t fully understand the nuances of this often overlooked but vitally important part of their overall insurance coverage.  For those that fail to read the fine print a trap may be looming and, as evidenced by a recent District Court case in the Northern District of Illinois, falling in could cost your company hundreds of thousands of dollars.

It is standard procedure in most service agreements that the service provider (the “Provider”) name the recipient of those services (the “Recipient”) as an “additional insured” on the Provider’s commercial general liability insurance (“CGL”) policy and evidence the same in a certificate of insurance issued by the Provider’s insurance carrier.  The Recipient traditionally relies on this certificate as evidence of insurance in the event that damage to person or property is caused by the Provider, its employees or agents during the performance of the Provider’s duties under the agreement.  The Recipient further expects that the Provider’s insurance will be primary in the event of an incident causing such damage.  A recent case decided in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, however, exposed a coverage gap in which an additional insured might not be covered by the Provider’s CGL policy for damages incurred by the Provider’s employees.

The Provider in the case, Independent Building Maintenance Company (“IBM”), was engaged by Archer Daniels Midland Company (“ADM”) to perform window cleaning services.  The service contract included a provision requiring IBM to obtain insurance and indemnify ADM for liability arising from the work IBM performed.  A policy with The Burlington Insurance Company (the “Insurance Company”) was accordingly endorsed to name ADM as an additional insured.  Subsequently, an IBM employee was cleaning windows when his ladder slipped causing him to injure his knee.  The employee filed suit against ADM asserting negligence and premises liability.  ADM tendered the defense of the suit to the Insurance Company, which ultimately disclaimed any duty to provide a defense.  ADM settled the suit for $150,000 and alleged that it spent almost $200,000 in attorney’s fees over the course of the suit.  The Insurance Company claimed it had no duty to defend ADM in the suit because (1) the policy’s cross liability exclusion barred coverage for bodily injury to an “employee of any insured” and (2) the employer’s liability exclusion barred coverage for bodily injury to an “employee of the insured”.

The court addressed the employer’s liability exclusion first, which is a typical provision in a CGL policy that bars coverage for personal injury claims by employees of the insured as such claims would normally be covered by an employer’s workers compensation insurance.  The policy also included a severability clause that ADM relied on to argue that it was entitled to separate coverage under the policy so that a claim of injury by IBM’s employee against ADM would actually be covered.  In general, severability clauses are intended to treat each entity covered under the policy as if each were insured separately.  The court agreed with ADM, citing an Illinois Supreme Court case that considered the interplay of a severability clause and an employee exclusionary clause barring coverage for bodily injury to employees of “ the insured”.  The court noted, however, that drafting a broader exclusion might be effective in barring coverage for employee’s suits against non-employer-insureds despite the existence of a severability clause.

Though the language of the employer’s liability exclusion was not sufficient for the Insurance Company to bar coverage to ADM, the court found the opposite with the cross liability exclusion which barred coverage for bodily injury to an “employee of any insured”.  ADM attempted to rely on the same severability argument but the court disagreed, pointing in particular to the language “ any insured”.  The court found that the distinction between the terms “ the insured” and “ any insured” in an exclusion is crucial in determining the significance of a severability clause, and even more so where the terms were used in different exclusion provisions of the same policy.

In summary, the court relied on the plain language to conclude that the employer’s liability exclusion did not bar coverage for ADM because the injured employee was not actually ADM’s employee (i.e., not an employee of “ the insured” under the plain language of the exclusion), but did bar coverage for ADM under the cross liability exclusion because, being named as an additional insured on the original endorsement, ADM became “ any insured” under the terms of the exclusion.  In practice, business owners and risk managers should be wary to avoid the trap ADM fell into by doing some simple planning.  First and foremost, realize that a certificate of insurance is merely evidence that coverage exists and is current but is subject to the exclusions in the original policy.  Where possible obtain a waiver of the cross liability exclusion in the certificate of insurance, and be sure your counsel negotiates strong contractual indemnity provisions in the underlying agreement and that the Provider has the balance sheet strength to honor them.

For further information or a free consultation contact Jordan Uditsky at juditsky@gghhlaw.com.

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By Jordan Uditsky February 19, 2025
In a previous post , we discussed the pros and cons and ins and outs of selling a dental practice to a dental services organization (DSO). The DSO model continues to be attractive and popular. According to Grand View Research , the U.S. DSO market size was estimated at $26.9 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at an annual rate of 16.4% from 2024 to 2030. Despite the exponential growth of DSOs, and the large amounts of private equity that fuel that expansion, they are still a relatively recent development in the dental industry. As such, the DSO model is still evolving and being refined in response to market conditions and demands. That evolution includes a new form of DSO – the “Invisible DSO” (IDSO) – designed to provide financial and operational support to private dental practices without the significant loss of autonomy and leadership that makes many owners wary of joining a traditional DSO. What Makes an IDSO “Invisible”? Unlike traditional DSOs that often impose centralized control over management and branding, IDSOs operate discreetly - almost “invisibly” - in the background. IDSOs allow dentists to keep their brand identity and operational independence without having to rebrand under a corporate umbrella. As important, dentists in an IDSO can still make clinical decisions without external interference – for the most part. Key Features of an IDSO That retention of leadership and control comes with many of the benefits of group affiliation within a traditional DSO, including: Equity Partnership Model. Dentists sell a portion of their practice (typically 51% to 80%) to the IDSO in exchange for a combination of cash and equity in the more extensive dental group. This allows dentists to "de-risk" their financial position while still maintaining ownership and influence over the practice. Operational and Administrative Support. As with traditional DSOs, IDSOs provide back-office support, including billing, human resources, marketing, compliance, and IT. This helps streamline operations without the dentist having to give up control over daily clinical decisions. Access to Growth Capital. As noted, private equity is the backbone of the DSO industry, including IDSOs. This readily available cash facilitates the ability of individual practices to expand, recruit more staff, and update technology, equipment, and infrastructure. Group Negotiation Power. By being part of a more extensive network, practices gain better negotiated rates on supplies, lab costs, and insurance reimbursements (which can be as much as 20% higher than independent practices). This reduces overhead and increases profit margins. Financial Security and Liquidity. Selling a portion of the practice to an IDSO provides dentists with an immediate financial payout. This can be a useful strategy for retirement planning or reducing financial risk while still retaining practice ownership. Additionally, the private equity behind DSOs may provide dentists with an opportunity to benefit from a future liquidity event, such as a sale to a larger investment group. Reduced Administrative Burden. One of the most appealing aspects of an IDSO is the ability to unburden themselves of many administrative functions, freeing dentists to focus on patient care and facilitating lower stress and higher job satisfaction.  Stronger Competitive Positioning. Solo dental practices face growing competition from corporate dental chains. IDSOs provide the resources needed to compete effectively while maintaining independence. Potential Downsides of Joining an IDSO While an IDSO can be a more attractive option than its traditional counterpart, it is not without potential downsides. These include: Invisibility Isn’t Absolute. 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Unlike traditional DSOs that often impose centralized control over management and branding, IDSOs operate discreetly - almost “invisibly” - in the background. IDSOs allow dentists to keep their brand identity and operational independence without having to rebrand under a corporate umbrella. As important, dentists in an IDSO can still make clinical decisions without external interference – for the most part. Key Features of an IDSO That retention of leadership and control comes with many of the benefits of group affiliation within a traditional DSO, including: Equity Partnership Model. Dentists sell a portion of their practice (typically 51% to 80%) to the IDSO in exchange for a combination of cash and equity in the more extensive dental group. This allows dentists to "de-risk" their financial position while still maintaining ownership and influence over the practice. Operational and Administrative Support. As with traditional DSOs, IDSOs provide back-office support, including billing, human resources, marketing, compliance, and IT. This helps streamline operations without the dentist having to give up control over daily clinical decisions. Access to Growth Capital. As noted, private equity is the backbone of the DSO industry, including IDSOs. This readily available cash facilitates the ability of individual practices to expand, recruit more staff, and update technology, equipment, and infrastructure. Group Negotiation Power. By being part of a more extensive network, practices gain better negotiated rates on supplies, lab costs, and insurance reimbursements (which can be as much as 20% higher than independent practices). This reduces overhead and increases profit margins. Financial Security and Liquidity. Selling a portion of the practice to an IDSO provides dentists with an immediate financial payout. This can be a useful strategy for retirement planning or reducing financial risk while still retaining practice ownership. Additionally, the private equity behind DSOs may provide dentists with an opportunity to benefit from a future liquidity event, such as a sale to a larger investment group. Reduced Administrative Burden. One of the most appealing aspects of an IDSO is the ability to unburden themselves of many administrative functions, freeing dentists to focus on patient care and facilitating lower stress and higher job satisfaction.  Stronger Competitive Positioning. Solo dental practices face growing competition from corporate dental chains. IDSOs provide the resources needed to compete effectively while maintaining independence. Potential Downsides of Joining an IDSO While an IDSO can be a more attractive option than its traditional counterpart, it is not without potential downsides. These include: Invisibility Isn’t Absolute. 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Potential for Future Policy and Ownership Changes Although IDSOs promise, and usually deliver, autonomy, private equity-backed groups may eventually adjust policies or introduce new financial structures that affect dentists’ control. If a larger organization acquires the IDSO, there could be unexpected changes in how the practice is managed. An IDSO can change hands multiple times, and a practice owner could be stuck with the company even if their relationship with the organization otherwise goes south. Before joining an IDSO, it's essential to carefully review the terms, understand the long-term implications, and ensure that the partnership aligns with your personal and professional goals and your practice’s culture and outlook. Consulting with an experienced dental industry attorney can help you navigate the complexities of the decision. If you are a dental professional considering a sale or merger, please contact us at ddslawyers.com at (630) 833-5533 or contact us online to arrange for your complimentary initial consultation. We focus a substantial part of our practice on providing exceptional legal services for dentists and dental practices, as well as orthodontists, periodontists, endodontists, pediatric dentists, and oral surgeons. We bring unique insights and deep commitment to protecting the interests of dental professionals and their practices and welcome the opportunity to work with you. Jordan Uditsky, an accomplished businessman and seasoned attorney, combines his experience as a legal counselor and successful entrepreneur to advise dentists and other business owners in the Chicago area. Jordan grew up in a dental family, with his father, grandfather, and sister each owning their own dental practices, and this blend of legal, business, and personal experience provides Jordan with unique insight into his clients’ needs, concerns, and goals.
By Jordan Uditsky January 15, 2025
Many dentists and dental practices offer financing arrangements as a way to help patients, especially the uninsured, pay for their care and treatment. For those who utilize third-party vendors for such financing, recently enacted amendments to the Illinois Dental Practice Act impose new disclosure and transparency obligations on dentists and practices and place limits on what staff can do and say in their interactions with patients regarding the subject. The amendments became effective January 1, 2025. With other states enacting or considering similar legislation regarding external patient financing for health care providers, these changes serve as a reminder to dentists in every jurisdiction about the importance of staying up to date on changes in their state’s laws and regulations. Here is what you need to know and do about these changes in order to ensure compliance once the calendar turns to the new year. No Establishing, Promoting, or Assisting With Third Party Financing A dentist, employee of a dentist, or agent of a dentist may not “arrange for, broker, or establish financing extended by a third party for a patient.” That term encompasses and prohibits submitting an application to a third-party creditor, lender, or creditor's intermediary for approval or rejection on behalf of a patient. It also prohibits dental practices from providing patients with software, links, or QR codes that have been customized with the practice’s branding. Practices can, however, provide patients with a third party’s marketing and advertising materials so long as they are not customized to the practice. Beyond providing or displaying generalized third-party advertising materials, dentists and staff cannot do much more in terms of helping a patient apply for or obtain financing. Anyone associated with a practice cannot do any of the following: Complete any portion of an application for financing extended by a third party for a patient or patient's guardian. Provide the patient or patient's guardian with an electronic device to apply for financing extended by a third party. Promote, advertise, or provide marketing or application materials for financing extended by a third party to a patient who has been administered or is under the influence of general anesthesia, conscious sedation, moderate sedation, or nitrous oxide; is being administered treatment; or is in a treatment area, including, but not limited to, an exam room, surgical room, or other area when medical treatment is administered, unless an area separated from the treatment area does not exist. Mandatory Disclosure When discussing or providing applications for financing extended by a third party, a dentist, employee of a dentist, or agent of a dentist must provide the following written notice in at least 14-point font: DENTAL SERVICES THIRD-PARTY FINANCING DISCLOSURE This is an application for a CREDIT CARD, LINE OF CREDIT, OR LOAN to help you finance or pay for your dental treatment. This credit card, line of credit, or loan IS NOT A PAYMENT PLAN WITH THE DENTIST'S OFFICE. It is a credit card, line of credit, or loan from a third-party financing company. Your dentist does not work for this company. Your dentist may not complete or submit an application for third-party financing on your behalf. You do not have to apply for a credit card, line of credit, or loan. You may pay your dentist for treatment in another manner. Your dentist's office may offer its own payment plan. You are encouraged to explore any public or private insurance options that may cover your dental treatment. The lender or creditor may offer a "promotional period" to pay back the credit or loan without interest. After any promotional period ends, you may be charged interest on portions of the balance that have already been paid. If you miss a payment or do not pay on time, you may have to pay a penalty and a higher interest rate. If you do not pay the money that you owe the creditor or lender, then your missed payments can appear on your credit report and could hurt your credit score. You could also be sued by the creditor or lender. If your dentist's office has completed or submitted an application for third-party financing on your behalf, you may file a complaint by contacting the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation at https://idfpr.illinois.gov/admin/dpr/dprcomplaint.html or by calling (312) 814-6910." Penalties for Non-Compliance A violation of these new rules and limitations is punishable by a fine of up to $500 for the first violation and a fine of up to $1,000 for each subsequent violation. IDFPR has the power to take additional disciplinary action as well. If you have any questions about these new requirements or third-party financing for dental services generally, please contact Jordan Uditsky at Grogan Hesse & Uditsky. We Focus on You So You Can Focus on Your Patients At Grogan Hesse & Uditsky, P.C., we focus a substantial part of our practice on providing exceptional legal services for dentists and dental practices, as well as orthodontists, periodontists, endodontists, pediatric dentists, and oral surgeons. We bring unique insights and deep commitment to protecting the interests of dental professionals and their practices and welcome the opportunity to work with you. Please call us at (630) 833-5533 or contact us online to arrange for your free initial consultation. Jordan Uditsky, an accomplished businessman and seasoned attorney, combines his experience as a legal counselor and successful entrepreneur to advise dentists and other business owners in the Chicago area. Jordan grew up in a dental family, with his father, grandfather, and sister each owning their own dental practices. This blend of legal, business, and personal experience provides Jordan with unique insight into his clients’ needs, concerns, and goals.
By Jordan Uditsky December 4, 2024
Few decisions a dental practice owner makes are as impactful as who they hire as an associate dentist. Whether a freshly minted dental school graduate or a more seasoned lateral hire, the associate you bring on board will hold the well-being of your patients, as well as the reputation, culture, and financial trajectory of your practice, in their hands. Making an informed decision, and conducting the due diligence necessary to do so, is critical and will go a long way towards fostering a mutually productive professional relationship. There is a multitude of considerations that go into the associate dentist hiring decision matrix – technical expertise, skill sets that match your needs, demeanor and communication skills, cultural fit, and agreed compensation structure, among others. But all of these factors, as important as they are, are irrelevant if the candidate lacks the fundamental ability to practice dentistry in your state or has issues of concern in their record that cast doubt on their suitability for your practice. If you have a seemingly ideal associate dentist candidate in your sights and are ready to move forward with an offer, make sure you cover all of the following fundamental licensing, credentialing, and disciplinary bases before doing so. Verify Licensure In Your Jurisdiction: Confirm the associate holds a valid dental license in your state or is in the process of obtaining their license. Obtain a photocopy or digital copy of the state dental license and verify the license status and validity using your state dental board’s online system. Check Educational Background: Request transcripts or diplomas from accredited dental schools. Specializations: If the candidate claims additional certifications, specialization, or training, ensure they provide supporting documentation. DEA Certification: Ensure the new associate has a valid DEA certificate. Get a copy of the certificate and confirm the registration number and expiration date. Malpractice History: Inquire about past claims or lawsuits. Ask about the underlying allegations and how the matters were resolved. Malpractice Insurance: If the associate will be responsible for maintaining their own malpractice insurance coverage, obtain proof of their current coverage, and verify policy limits, policy number, the insurance provider’s contact information, and the policy renewal dates. Assess Clinical Skills and Competence: Ask the candidate to present cases they’ve handled, including treatment plans and outcomes, and consider having candidates perform a procedure or shadow your team to observe their techniques and patient interaction. Peer Recommendations: Speak to previous employers, mentors, or colleagues about the candidate’s skills and areas for improvement. Conduct a Thorough Background Check: Ensure the candidate has no criminal history or legal issues beyond malpractice claims that could jeopardize patient safety, their licensure status, or your practice's reputation. Employment History and Contractual Obligations: Verify the candidate’s employment history and inquire about their reasons for leaving previous positions. Also ask about any contractual restrictions on their ability to join your practice, such as non-competition or non-solicitation agreements. Understanding of Ethics and Compliance Obligations: Inquire as to their knowledge and appreciation of and commitment to fundamental ethical and legal compliance obligations. We Focus on You So You Can Focus on Your Patients As noted, the hiring and onboarding of a new associate dentist is a multifaceted, multistep endeavor. No matter how impressive a putative associate may seem and perhaps is, confirming that they possess the foundational requirements and attributes needed to contribute to your practice and care for your patients is indispensable. At Grogan Hesse & Uditsky, P.C., we focus a substantial part of our practice on providing exceptional legal services for dentists and dental practices, as well as orthodontists, periodontists, endodontists, pediatric dentists, and oral surgeons. We bring unique insights and deep commitment to protecting the interests of dental professionals and their practices and welcome the opportunity to work with you. Please call us at (630) 833-5533 or contact us online to arrange for your free initial consultation. Jordan Uditsky, an accomplished businessman and seasoned attorney, combines his experience as a legal counselor and successful entrepreneur to advise dentists and other business owners in the Chicago area. Jordan grew up in a dental family, with his father, grandfather, and sister each owning their own dental practices. This blend of legal, business, and personal experience provides Jordan with unique insight into his clients’ needs, concerns, and goals.
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